How to interpret this record
Data Methodology and Neutrality Rules
A useful public record has an identity, a scope and a source. Research becomes more reliable when those elements travel with the number or statement being discussed.
Write down the claim first
Identify exactly what you want to know: who holds an office, whether someone appears on a ballot, what a committee reported spending, or how a member voted on a question. Each claim calls for a different source. A biography, a campaign website and a financial report can all be useful without answering the same question.
Keep identity, scope and date together
Record the entity identifier, jurisdiction, election or reporting period and source publication. These details prevent a correct fact from being attached to the wrong person, place or time. A name-only match can be misleading, especially when campaigns or institutions have changed names or when a person has sought several offices.
Read the full researching public records guide →Neutrality you can inspect.
Electionpedia does not ask you to trust a tone of voice. It publishes the rules that decide what enters the record, what stays out, and how an error gets corrected.
01The office is canonical
People rotate. The public institution, jurisdiction, seat, and history stay attached to one permanent office record.
02No provenance, no render
Every record must carry a source URL, license or public-use basis, verification date, and confidence level.
03Party is never a visual ranking
Charts and party badges use red for Republicans, blue for Democrats and purple for Independents. Other or unmatched affiliations remain neutral. Colors describe affiliation, never quality or rank; decorative brand colors carry no party meaning.
04No guessed holder
A vacancy or missing local roster produces an honest shell. The last known person is never silently carried forward.
05Public facts stay ungated
Who represents you, office history, sources, money records, and corrections never require an email or account.
06Participation cannot alter the record
Claiming a profile, signing a standard, donating, or paying for tools cannot buy a score, ranking, endorsement, or hidden fact.
07Unlike money categories never collapse
Candidate receipts, direct committee contributions, coordinated party expenditures, and independent support or opposition remain separate. Support and opposition reproduce the filer-reported FEC position, not an Electionpedia inference.
08Amendments replace prior versions
Stable committee transaction IDs retain the newest file number. Independent-expenditure rows from superseded filings are removed through the reported previous-filing chain so corrected filings are not silently double-counted.
09Employer is context, never attribution
An employer aggregate means individuals typed the same employer on their filings. It never means the organization donated, directed, reimbursed, or endorsed those contributions.
10Individual identities stay out
Employer/recipient aggregates require at least five distinct reported contributors. Electionpedia does not ship names or addresses from the individual-contribution store and links to the FEC restrictions on commercial or solicitation use.
11Recorded votes are not inferred positions
House and Senate member labels are reproduced from official roll calls. Voice votes, committee votes, speeches, absences, and motives are not inferred; no vote becomes an Electionpedia ideology, attendance, or effectiveness score.
12Election calendars are schedules, not ballot claims
FEC-published congressional dates are shown as tentative schedules. State authorities administer elections and determine ballot access, and a candidate filing does not prove ballot qualification.
13Local coverage grows from official sources
A local name enters only through a jurisdiction-specific official roster adapter with expected row counts, required fields, provenance, and source-drift failure checks. Every other verified jurisdiction remains a shell; no national completion percentage is invented.
14The API cannot outrun the record
Web pages and public endpoints share stable identifiers, sources, coverage labels, and honest omissions. Address responses are private and never cached; voter research notes stay on the voter’s device. A federal filing remains a filing record and is never presented as proof of ballot qualification.
15Administration profiles are not election notices
EAC/NCSL policy profiles may summarize registration, early-voting, absentee, mail-ballot, and primary rules. Election-specific deadlines and eligibility must be confirmed with the responsible government office. A zero- or one-record FEC filing field is a research signal, never an uncontested-race label.
16Candidate fields keep their speaker
A government biography, campaign-reported endorsement, candidate statement, and Electionpedia action summary remain distinct. Every populated comparison cell retains a source; a missing position or questionnaire is visible and never converted into a judgment, refusal, score, or inferred belief.
16AA blank questionnaire is not a refusal
Every connected candidate receives the same eight-question page. Electionpedia records invitation status separately from response status and never claims outreach that did not occur. Candidate-provided answers publish only after an identity challenge through an independently located official channel; verification identifies the speaker but does not turn an answer into a government fact or Electionpedia endorsement.
17Ballot explanations preserve the decision
A ballot-measure record keeps the official summary, fiscal effect, Yes meaning, No meaning, route to the ballot, submitted supporters and opponents, and source text distinct. A judicial-retention record says plainly that Yes means retain and No means do not retain. Electionpedia never turns an absent rating, result, opinion, discipline record, or local ballot layer into a zero or finding.
18A vendor name is not an accusation
Operating-expenditure pages reproduce organization payee names reported on FEC Schedule B records after conservative normalization. Individual payees remain unpublished. A matching name does not establish legal identity, ownership, services delivered, ideology, influence, or wrongdoing; memo-code X rows stay outside itemization totals.
19A source directory is not a transaction dataset
State campaign-finance pages identify the government agencies listed by the FEC as disclosure offices. Until a jurisdiction-specific adapter has source contracts, entity resolution, amendment logic, and fail-closed validation, Electionpedia publishes no state contribution, expenditure, donor, or vendor totals for that jurisdiction.
20A certified result is not a projection
Historical result pages reproduce the FEC biennial publication compiled from state election offices. Primary, general, runoff, fusion-party, and ranked-choice fields remain distinct; blank stays blank. The FEC winner indicator is preserved, while Electionpedia-calculated margins or a highest-total fallback are explicitly labeled and never represented as a separate certified field or election-night call.
21A government entity is not an elected-office roster
The Census Government Units Listing establishes a public entity or related system, its category, identifiers, contact fields, and functioning or dormant status. Address lookup connects functioning counties, municipalities, and townships only when the Geocoder GEOID exactly matches the Listing's FIPS identifiers; ZIP-center matches remain approximate. An entity match does not establish that a board is elected, identify officeholders or candidates, define election methods or terms, or provide exact service boundaries. Those fields remain absent until a source-specific official adapter verifies them.
22A public-official roster is not an election-method claim
The 2026 California CalRoster is supplied by counties and incorporated cities or towns to the Secretary of State. Electionpedia connects each jurisdiction to a permanent Census government ID and reproduces source-reported roles and names, but does not infer elected or appointed status for any individual role. Vacancies and missing names remain explicit; visibly truncated PDF text is flagged as source-incomplete and excluded from address-summary cards instead of being repaired by guesswork.
23A judicial directory is not a retention ballot or scorecard
A court roster establishes only the name, court membership, role, and source-reported service note it publishes. Electionpedia links a justice to a retention election only when a separate official voter-guide record names that justice. Directory presence never becomes an ideology, notable-opinion, reversal, rating, discipline, campaign-finance, or misconduct claim; an incomplete source year stays visibly incomplete.
24A race record is not a certified ballot
A current federal contest groups identity-complete FEC filing records by cycle, office, state, and district and connects them to a separately sourced election calendar. It does not establish ballot qualification, final candidate lists, ballot order, primary eligibility, withdrawal status after the source snapshot, or a complete sample ballot. Those claims remain absent until the responsible election authority publishes and Electionpedia ingests them.
25A source defect is part of the public record
A government-hosted draft, duplicated section, mismatched analysis, or incomplete proof is never silently repaired or promoted to final. Electionpedia may publish internally consistent first-page ballot fields while quarantining unrelated interior material, labeling the document status, fingerprinting the source file, and waiting for a matching official analysis before adding current-law, fiscal, or argument summaries.
26A candidacy guide is not an eligibility finding
A cycle-specific official guide may establish published offices, forms, filing windows, fees, signature minimums, signature geography, qualifications, terms, and dated compensation. It does not establish any person's residence, voter status, credentials, disqualifications, valid signatures, completed filings, or ballot access. A past deadline stays visibly closed, and future cycles require a new source adapter rather than copied dates.
27A campaign website keeps the campaign as speaker
Campaign homepage summaries, biography pages, issue pages, endorsements, and images may make a candidate profile more useful, but they remain candidate-provided material. Electionpedia fingerprints each current site, labels independently discovered domains, attributes every image to its source page, and never lets campaign material overwrite certified names, offices, ballot order, occupational designations, results, or government portraits. Missing campaign sections stay missing instead of becoming inferred beliefs or negative findings.
28A topic label is an index, not an interpretation
Electionpedia may group exact campaign-published headings under a neutral topic so two candidates can be compared in equal rows. The original heading, campaign speaker, source page, retrieval date, and fingerprint remain attached. A topic match never becomes an ideology, support or opposition label, priority ranking, truth finding, or claim that every public statement has been found. If either campaign publishes a topic, the other candidate receives an explicit sourced statement or an honest empty cell.
29An endorsement page is an inventory, not a score
Electionpedia may index the names, titles, source order, and category labels a campaign publishes on its endorsement page. The campaign remains the speaker. Electionpedia does not independently confirm consent, current titles, organizational authority, or continued support. Because campaigns publish different scopes and groupings, record counts never become measures of momentum, quality, importance, or support.
30A standardized CV is a source map, not credential verification
Every candidate receives the same background fields. A City Clerk-certified occupational designation remains an official ballot field but not independent credential verification. Every other populated value is an exact campaign biography excerpt with the campaign as speaker. An empty field records only that no matching claim was located in the configured source; it never proves the candidate lacks education, work, military service, public office, board experience, campaign history, or an election record.
31An archive capture is an observed-by date, not publication time
A Wayback capture can establish that an exact current campaign excerpt appeared in a captured page by the archive timestamp. It does not establish when the campaign first wrote or published the statement. Electionpedia preserves archived and live observations, source fingerprints, and fetch errors but never generates a flip-flop, reversal, consistency, motive, or what-changed verdict from matching excerpts alone.
32Media source classes never collapse
A sourced debate event, full recording, clip, news report, candidate-provided video, and City Clerk-published transcript are different records. Electionpedia never labels a candidate statement as a debate, substitutes commentary for a missing full recording, or claims a transcript exists when none was located. Topic timestamps are neutral navigation; government republication verifies a link, not the truth of candidate claims.
33A promise status is an action description, not a political grade
Electionpedia connects a precise, dated campaign commitment to dated public actions or official measures and assigns only the narrowest status those records support. Action completed, official reporting says a threshold was exceeded, target not reached as of a source date, and no matching action located never become kept, broken, truthful, effective, good-faith, causal, or motive findings. Officeholder-reported performance data remains labeled as self-reporting and is not presented as an independent audit.
34A disclosure index is not the document inside it
The House Clerk annual index may establish a filer name, district, filing code, date field, document ID, and direct PDF. Only official code P is labeled a Periodic Transaction Report. The index itself does not expose the transaction rows inside a PTR, so filing-level and row-level evidence remain separate. Exact duplicate source rows are deduplicated, while blank dates and future-dated source anomalies stay visible.
35A PTR row passes as evidence or stays out
Electionpedia extracts a digital House PTR only when every transaction row matches verified geometric columns and passes date, asset-code, transaction-code, and amount validation. One failing row excludes the whole filing. Image-only scans remain linked with a visible exclusion reason and produce no guessed OCR rows. Source text, codes, exact values or ranges, amendment status, notes, page number, and PDF fingerprint stay attached. Deleted rows remain filing history but leave active totals. A reported transaction never becomes evidence of wrongdoing, material nonpublic information, motive, profit, loss, current holdings, net worth, conflict, or investment advice.
36A person graph merges identifiers, never similar names
Federal terms connect only through the person ID already supplied by the CC0 term corpus; state roles connect only through the Open States UUID; campaign records and certified federal results connect only through exact FEC candidate IDs; recorded votes connect only through Bioguide IDs. A House financial-disclosure index has no durable person ID, so any first-name, last-name, state, and district match remains separately labeled and never upgrades into an identifier join. The federal timeline begins with terms starting in 1923, and the state layer is a current-role snapshot—not a complete career history.
37A political communication filing is not the ad creative
An FEC independent-expenditure row may report advertising, mail, calls, canvassing, production, or another expressly advocated communication or activity. Electionpedia reproduces the filer-supplied sponsor, candidate, position code, amount, dates, purpose, payee, and filing identity without inventing a platform, audience, target, message, media asset, or proof anyone saw it. Support and opposition are filer-reported codes. The filing does not prove candidate coordination or approval, persuasion, effectiveness, motive, or wrongdoing.
How the simple polling average works
We use the latest eligible survey from each pollster that finished within the past 30 days. Surveys must cover the same general-election race, named candidates and voter population, and must report numeric results for every candidate in the selected matchup. Primary and runoff polls stay separate.
Each included pollster receives equal weight. We average the reported percentages without adjusting for sample size, pollster reputation or historical error. The display names the included surveys and their dates. A margin is the difference between the two leading averaged percentages.
The default general-election matchup uses the newest fieldwork end date. If several matchups share that date, we prefer the one with more distinct pollsters not marked internal or partisan in the past 30 days, then more distinct recent pollsters. Missing sponsor labels do not establish independence. Reviewed candidate IDs and sourced spelling variants may connect names; the original survey wording and percentages remain visible.
This describes the available surveys; it is not a prediction or an Electionpedia rating. Different matchups and voter populations are not combined, and absent or outdated surveys do not become zero support.
Every fact must be correctable.
Corrections should identify the office record, disputed field, replacement value, and a license-clean primary or official source. The prior value remains auditable in the refresh history.
The shortest trustworthy chain wins.
- Official government dataFEC, Census, Congress, state and local election authorities.
- Public-domain normalized corporaOnly where the license and update process are explicit.
- Candidate-provided contentClearly labeled, attributed, and never rewritten as fact.
- NothingWhen no acceptable source exists, the honest empty state is the answer.